photo © 2009 Michael Williams | more info (via: Wylio)I don't really know where to begin with this huge topic, other than the most recent place it's affected me: in my marriage. When Josh and I were engaged, we read a lot of marriage books. While these books were all very helpful in some way (some more helpful than others!), they became less helpful and more frustrating when the advice found within them was based on gender stereotypes. These gender stereotypes became very frustrating when they would say things about husbands needing to be willing to communicate about what they're feeling, when they spoke of wives thanking their husbands for providing for the family, or when women were admonished to accommodate the higher sex drives of their husbands.
These types of things were frustrating to read. Josh and I are both the opposite of the typical gender stereotypes in many ways: He prefers to deal with emotions, I with reason. He prefers things for form, I for function. He likes to shop for fun; I only like to shop if I have something in mind. He is more relational, I am more, um, not. I love paying the bills; he loves ironing. Now we do fulfill typical gender predictions in some ways, but overwhelmingly, we stick out as odd-couple-out. And that irks me, not only because it's frustrating for us, but because I don't know that these typifications are helpful. Is it wrong of Josh to want to talk about feelings? Never! He is gifted by God in that. And I am gifted by God at analyzing data and making attack plans for improving something. And these authors would probably never say that the way we are is wrong, but when you don't fit into the acceptable norm, you start to feel wrong.
The problem of gender stereotyping became clear to me when I was at a conference and I found a print-out from a workshop on manhood that contained lists of "Male Characteristics" and "Female Characteristics:"
Male:
Initiate, provide, protect
Big picture focus, macro
Task-oriented
Objective decision-making
Analytical
Words used to convey facts
Compartmentalized view (filing cabinet)
Emotions less influenced by hormones
Intimacy: physical
Female:
Respond, give life, nurture/care
Detail focus, micro
People oriented
Subjective decision-making
Intuitive
Words used to convey feelings
Integrated view (white board)
Emotions influenced by hormonal cycle
Intimacy: emotional
What struck me was not that these lists were wrong. Despite the fact that I find them personally offensive, I am able to put that aside and admit that they are probably accurate for the majority of men and women.
But, regardless of the accuracy in gender stereotypes, I strongly believe that gender stereotyping is actually destructive. Here's why:
1) It is destructive for those who do not fit the stereotype. People who don't fit the mold begin to think, "Gosh, am I not a real man?" or "I guess I'm not a true woman." And while these are normal thoughts for all of us to have, we should be having them on the basis of Scripture, not on the basis of our cultural norm. Men should doubt their manhood when they are lazy, fearful, or abusive because those behaviors are sinful and characteristic of immaturity. Men should not doubt their manhood because they experience intimacy most deeply through emotions, are people-oriented, or are intuitive. Those characteristics are in no way sinful or immature. The same is true for women: we should doubt our womanhood when we are sinful, not when we stand out from other women.
But, on a personal level, gender stereotypes are hurtful because they communicate to me, the one who doesn't fit the mold, that there is something deeply wrong with my design. I'm not talking about sin here, I am talking about the redeemed person inside of me that God is bringing to the surface slowly but surely. When I sit in a group of women, I often feel that the true me is wrong. In the darkest moments of discouragement and frustration with myself or with God, I catch myself thinking, "God, it seems you made some mistake here. I think I was supposed to be a man." That is hurtful to my heart, and breeds a lovely playground for Satan.
I can accept that this pain is part of life. But I get angry about it when I see it affect those I love, especially my husband. When he is made to feel unmanly for the way God designed him, I get
pissed. He is amazingly Godly as an emotive and intuitive being. I know that part of my anger is sin, but I think some of it is Godly anger. For the comfort and convenience of the masses, those of us who exist on the fringe are made to feel more excluded instead of included. And I think Jesus did the opposite: He invited in those on the fringe, often making the masses uncomfortable. Not only did Jesus invite people in who felt left out, but He sought them out as well-- changing His schedule for them, interrupting the conversation for them, going into their homes.
2) It is destructive for those who do fit the stereotype. To begin, those who fit the mold often excuse or make light of sinful behavior because it is stereotypically acceptable. People can be permissive toward sins that fall into the dominant paradigms for male or female. If not permissive, in the very least, gender normative sin is more easily accepted not only by culture at large, but also within the Church. The gravity of sin being sin is lost. Take the cliché example of a man who struggles with pornography. In culture at large, this behavior is acceptable. Within the Church, struggles with porn seem to be expected of men, and when they are talked about, the dialogue is about "men being visual," not about men being sinners.
Moreover, people who do fit the gender norm mold begin to feel more secure in their manhood and womanhood because they fit the mold. Men who like sports and don't work well with others start to think, "Hey, I'm a man!" And women who like to decorate and have coffee "dates" think, "Hey, I'm a woman!" And I think this is akin to putting one's identity in what one does rather than in one's position in Christ. Are we Christians because we are loving others and charitable and praying? Certainly not!
My friend (who shall remain nameless 'cause I haven't asked him permission to tell the whole world his private thoughts) emailed me a talk he put together for his home-town youth group some time ago about what it meant to be a man. Trust me when I say that this friend is a man of very deep thoughts. (He once wrote this sentence to me: "But words have weight, and they let their lazy words outweigh the brave ones, and finally drain their referents of meaning.") But his thoughts on manhood struck me as amazingly simple. The kind of simple you don't see 'cause it's too close to you. Are you ready for his insight?:
"How would you define a real man? Oh boy...I want to know what makes a real man, and after a serious amount of reading, and talking to old guys I respect, and looking through the Bible, I think I know. Do you want to know? God's definition of a real man... is... a person... with... a penis."
Seriously, let's think about this. What makes us a man or a woman is, um, God. God decides if we're a man or a woman by actually making us male or female. And if we put our faith in anything other than God's decision, I think it is idolatry in the creation rather than the creator. I am not a woman because I act feminine; I am a woman because I am a woman. As Christians, our identity is not in what we do, but in who we are. God does not love me because I act love-able. By no means! God loves me because God loves me, even though I am horribly unlovable.
3) It is destructive for the Church and the advancement of the Kingdom of God. This reason is two fold. First, the beauty of the Gospel is lost when we cater to the masses instead of to the outcasts: the lineage of Jesus was passed down through Leah, the unloved, ugly sister instead of Rachel the beloved; Jesus was born in a barn and placed in a feeding trough; Jews were commanded to carry the Gospel message not only to other Jews, but also to Jewish oppressors (the Romans) and Jewish "ugly step-sisters" (the Samaritans). In choosing the predictable road (using gender stereotypes), we as Christians are not living up to the creative beauty displayed in the story of God.
Second, when the Church utilizes gender stereotypes, nonChristians who are either post-gender in theory or not gender normative are made to feel as if they can't belong in the Church. Regardless of the correctness of post-gender thinkers, they should "trip over nothing but the cross" (as I once heard someone say) when they come to a Christian event. Seeing Christians who encourage gender normative behaviors and beliefs can be an unnecessary hurdle for them to jump to become a part of the family of God. For those who don't have strong beliefs about gender theory but don't fit the mold, they simply feel as if they won't fit in, find friends, or be accepted as they are. This is another unnecessary hurdle. I cannot even begin to count the amazing people I know who are searching for truth but feel uncomfortable searching for it within the community of the Church for these (and other) reasons.
To be clear, I am not saying that there are no differences between the majority of men and the majority of women. I am saying that highlighting these differences does more harm than it does good. I know that your two-year-old boy probably wants to shoot things and your two-year-old girl probably wants to carry around a pretend baby doll. But for all of the two-year-old boys out there who want to play dress-up and the two-year-old girls out there who pretend they're adventurers on the high-seas, can we do better? Can we give them a fair shot at growing up as loved, accepted, thriving members of the body of Christ?
(Heavily revised from an original posting on 8/17/09.)